How is racism reflected in the Society?

It is reflected in disparities in, but not limited to health, wealth, income, justice, and voting. It also unfairly advantages individuals belonging to socially and politically dominant racial groups. Racism is structural, institutional, interpersonal, and internalized.

What are the effects of The racial inequality system?

This “system” unfairly disadvantages some individuals and groups and damages their health and mental health. Its effects range from daily interpersonal interactions shaped by race to race-based opportunities for good education, housing, employment, etc.

What is the difference between individual and institutionalized racism?

Individual racism is a personal belief in the superiority of one’s race over another. It is linked to racial prejudice and discriminatory behaviors, which can be an expression of implicit and explicit bias. Institutionalized racism is a system of assigning value and allocating opportunity based on skin color.

What is reactive anti-racism and proactive anti- racism?

Inspired by historian Ibram X. Kendi’s work, Roberts and Rizzo contribute two new terms to the conversation – reactive anti-racism, defined as challenging racism whenever it appears, and proactive anti-racism, or challenging racism before it appears.

What is passive racism in sociology?

Passive Racism. Beliefs, attitudes and actions that contribute to the maintenance of racism, without openly advocating violence or oppression. The conscious and unconscious maintenance of attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that support the system of racism, racial prejudice and racial dominance.” (p. 89)

Is racism a social construct?

“A social construct that artificially divides people into smaller social groups based on characteristics such as shared sense of group membership, values, behavioral patterns, language, political and economic interests, history, and ancestral geographical base.” (p. 88) Racism.